Secara umum, perkawinan di Indonesia diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan (“UU Perkawinan”). Perkawinan adalah sah apabila dilakukan menurut hukum masing-masing agamanya dan kepercayaannya.
Dalam perkawinan pada umumnya akan terjadi perolehan harta. Harta benda yang diperoleh selama perkawinan menjadi harta bersama suami dan istri. Bagaimanapun, harta bawaan masing-masing (suami maupun istri) dan harta benda yang diperoleh suami atau istri sebagai hadiah atau warisan, tetap dalam penguasaan masing-masing, kecuali ditentukan lain oleh para pihak.
Sepanjang mengenai harta benda, dapat dibuat perjanjian perkawinan sebelum perkawinan dilangsungkan. Dengan perjanjian perkawinan dapat disepakati bahwa harta benda yang diperoleh dalam perkawinan tidak otomatis menjadi harta bersama, ataupun pembagian harta dalam hal terjadi perceraian. Perjanjian perkawinan dibuat secara tertulis dan memerlukan pengesahan oleh pegawai pencatat perkawinan. Bagaimanapun perjanjian perkawinan tidak diperkenankan bertentangan dengan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku, agama dan kesusilaan.<
Putusnya perkawinan serta akibat hukumnya juga secara umum diatur dalam UU Perkawinan. Perkawinan dapat putus karena kematian, perceraian atau atas keputusan Pengadilan.
Perceraian hanya dapat dilakukan di depan sidang Pengadilan, setelah usaha perdamaian tidak berhasil dilakukan. Dalam hal perkawinan muslim, kompetensi mengadili adalah pada Pengadilan Agama. Sedangkan bagi perkawinan non muslim, kompetensi mengadili berada pada Pengadilan Negeri.
Gugatan perceraian diajukan ke Pengadilan yang daerah hukumnya meliputi tempat kediaman tergugat (pihak yang dimintakan cerai). Gugatan perceraian diajukan baik oleh suami ataupun oleh istri, ke Pengadilan Negeri yang berada dalam wilayah hukum domisili tergugat. Khusus dalam hal gugatan cerai perkawinan muslim oleh istri, gugatan diajukan oleh istri ke Pengadilan Agama yang berada dalam wilayah hukum domisili istri.
Putusan mengenai gugatan perceraian akan dibacakan oleh Hakim dalam sidang terbuka. Bagi perkawinan non muslim, perceraian dianggap terjadi sejak saat pendaftaran putusan pengadilan pada daftar pencatatan di Kantor Catatan Sipil. Sedangkan bagi perkawinan muslim, perceraian berlaku terhitung sejak putusan Pengadilan Agama mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap.
Sepanjang tidak terdapat perjanjian perkawinan yang mengatur mengenai pembagian harta bersama, tuntutan pembagian harta bersama dalam hal gugatan cerai perkawinan muslim pada Pengadilan Agama dapat diajukan dalam satu gugatan dengan gugatan cerai bersangkutan. Sedangkan dalam hal gugatan cerai perkawinan non muslim pada Pengadilan Negeri, tuntutan pembagian harta bersama dilakukan dalam gugatan secara tersendiri.
Said, Sudiro & Partners
Indonesian Attorneys at Law
Sampoerna Strategic Square
South Tower, Level 18
Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 45 - 46
Jakarta 12930 Indonesia
Phone: (62-21) 575.0983
Fax: (62-21) 575.0803
Websites: www.ssplegal.com
www.saidsudiro.webs.com
www.saidsudiro.weebly.com
Emails: mail@ssplegal.com
sdsdp@cbn.net.id
P.O. BOX 8211 JKS.SB
Jakarta 12920
Kamis, 11 Februari 2010
Marriage and Divorce under the Law on Marriage
In general, a marriage in Indonesia is subject to Law No. 1 Year 1974 on Marriage (“Law on Marriage”). A marriage will be deemed to be valid if it is carried out in accordance with the law of the relevant religion and belief.
Under a marriage, normally there will be procurement of assets. Assets collected during the marriage become the common assets of the husband and the wife. Assets possessed and brought by either the husband or the wife prior to the marriage as well as assets obtained by either the husband or the wife from any gift or inheritance, shall remain under the possession of the relevant party (husband or wife), unless otherwise determined by the parties.
In terms of assets, it is possible to draw a pre-nuptial agreement. By a pre-nuptial agreement, the parties could agree with each other that assets collected during the marriage shall not automatically become a common asset. Further the parties could also agree on assets distribution in the event a divorce happens. A pre-nuptial agreement shall be made in writing and requires legalization by an official in charge of marriage register. In no event may a pre-nuptial agreement violate any laws and regulations, law and principles of the relevant religion, as well as decency.
Termination of a marriage along with the legal consequences thereof is broadly stipulated in the Law on Marriage. A marriage could terminate due to death, divorce, or upon court decision.
A divorce can only be processed before the Court proceedings after unsuccessful attempt for reconciliation. When the parties are Moslems, the court having competency to examine the case is Religion Court (Pengadilan Agama). When the parties are non Moslem, the competent court is District Court (Pengadilan Negeri).
Claim for a divorce (lawsuit) shall be brought to the court which jurisdiction includes the legal domicile of the defendant (divorcee). The lawsuit for a divorce shall be filed by a husband or a wife to the District Court in the legal domicile of the defendant. If a Religion Court be the competent court, the lawsuit for divorce shall be filed to the Religion Court having jurisdiction towards the legal domicile of the wife.
Court decision pertaining to a lawsuit for divorce shall be read out by the Judge in an openly held court trial. When the divorcing parties are non-Moslem, the divorce shall be deemed to take place upon registration of the court decision with the Register Office. Whilst for Moslem divorcing parties, the divorce shall take place when the decision of the Religion Court is final.
Said, Sudiro & Partners
Indonesian Attorneys at Law
Sampoerna Strategic Square
South Tower, Level 18
Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 45 - 46
Jakarta 12930 Indonesia
Phone: (62-21) 575.0983
Fax: (62-21) 575.0803
Websites: www.ssplegal.com
www.saidsudiro.webs.com
www.saidsudiro.weebly.com
Emails: mail@ssplegal.com
sdsdp@cbn.net.id
P.O. BOX 8211 JKS.SB
Jakarta 12920
Under a marriage, normally there will be procurement of assets. Assets collected during the marriage become the common assets of the husband and the wife. Assets possessed and brought by either the husband or the wife prior to the marriage as well as assets obtained by either the husband or the wife from any gift or inheritance, shall remain under the possession of the relevant party (husband or wife), unless otherwise determined by the parties.
In terms of assets, it is possible to draw a pre-nuptial agreement. By a pre-nuptial agreement, the parties could agree with each other that assets collected during the marriage shall not automatically become a common asset. Further the parties could also agree on assets distribution in the event a divorce happens. A pre-nuptial agreement shall be made in writing and requires legalization by an official in charge of marriage register. In no event may a pre-nuptial agreement violate any laws and regulations, law and principles of the relevant religion, as well as decency.
Termination of a marriage along with the legal consequences thereof is broadly stipulated in the Law on Marriage. A marriage could terminate due to death, divorce, or upon court decision.
A divorce can only be processed before the Court proceedings after unsuccessful attempt for reconciliation. When the parties are Moslems, the court having competency to examine the case is Religion Court (Pengadilan Agama). When the parties are non Moslem, the competent court is District Court (Pengadilan Negeri).
Claim for a divorce (lawsuit) shall be brought to the court which jurisdiction includes the legal domicile of the defendant (divorcee). The lawsuit for a divorce shall be filed by a husband or a wife to the District Court in the legal domicile of the defendant. If a Religion Court be the competent court, the lawsuit for divorce shall be filed to the Religion Court having jurisdiction towards the legal domicile of the wife.
Court decision pertaining to a lawsuit for divorce shall be read out by the Judge in an openly held court trial. When the divorcing parties are non-Moslem, the divorce shall be deemed to take place upon registration of the court decision with the Register Office. Whilst for Moslem divorcing parties, the divorce shall take place when the decision of the Religion Court is final.
Said, Sudiro & Partners
Indonesian Attorneys at Law
Sampoerna Strategic Square
South Tower, Level 18
Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 45 - 46
Jakarta 12930 Indonesia
Phone: (62-21) 575.0983
Fax: (62-21) 575.0803
Websites: www.ssplegal.com
www.saidsudiro.webs.com
www.saidsudiro.weebly.com
Emails: mail@ssplegal.com
sdsdp@cbn.net.id
P.O. BOX 8211 JKS.SB
Jakarta 12920
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)